Format Specifiers and Escape Sequences

Format Strings and Escape Sequences:-

All format specifiers start with a percent sign (%) and are followed by a single letter indicating the type of data and how data are to be formatted.

List of commonly used format specifiers:


%c – used for single char in C
scanf(“%c”, &ch);
printf(“%c”, ch);


%d – decimal number (whole number)
scanf(“%d”, &num);
printf(“%d”, num);


%e – scientific notation/exponential form
scanf(“%e”, &result);
printf(“%e”, result);


%f – number with floating or decimal point
scanf(“%f”, &pesos);
printf(“%f”, pesos);


%u – unsigned number
scanf(“%u”, &nos);
printf(“%u”, nos);


%x – hexadecimal number
scanf(“%x”, &value);
printf(“%x”, value);


%X – capital number for hexadecimal number
scanf(“%X”, &nos);
printf(“%X”, nos);


%o – octal number
scanf(“%o”, &value);
printf(“%o”, value);


%s – string of characters
scanf(“%s”, str);
printf(“%s”, str);

%% - print a percent sign
scanf(“%%”, &value);
printf(“%%”, value);

List of commonly used escape sequences:

\\ - prints backslash

\’ - prints single quotes

\” - prints double quotes

\? - prints question mark

\n - newline

Associativity of Operators:


i = 2 * 3 / 4 + 4 / 4 + 8 - 2 + 5 / 8

i = 6 / 4 + 4 / 4 + 8 - 2 + 5 / 8 operation: *

i = 1 + 4 / 4 + 8 - 2 + 5 / 8 operation: /

i = 1 + 1+ 8 - 2 + 5 / 8 operation: /

i = 1 + 1 + 8 - 2 + 0 operation: /

i = 2 + 8 - 2 + 0 operation: +

i = 10 - 2 + 0 operation: +

i = 8 + 0 operation : -

i = 8 operation: +

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kk = 3 / 2 * 4 + 3 / 8 + 3

kk = 1 * 4 + 3 / 8 + 3 operation: /

kk = 4 + 3 / 8 + 3 operation: *

kk = 4 + 0 + 3 operation: /

kk = 4 + 3 operation: +

kk = 7 operation: +

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